IGNOU MEG 8 Solved Question Paper | December 2022

 

The debate between using the term ‘Commonwealth Literatures’ or ‘New Literatures in English’ is an important one in the field of postcolonial and world literature. Both terms are used to describe literary works written in English by authors from former British colonies, such as India, Nigeria, Australia, Canada, the Caribbean, and South Africa. However, each term carries a different history, meaning, and political background, and choosing the right one depends on how we view literature and power.

 

The term ‘Commonwealth Literatures’ came into use after World War II, especially around the time many colonies gained independence from the British Empire. These newly independent countries joined a group called the British Commonwealth of Nations, where they shared historical, economic, and cultural ties with Britain. So, literature from these countries was grouped together as “Commonwealth Literature.” This included writers like Chinua Achebe from Nigeria, Margaret Atwood from Canada, and V.S. Naipaul from Trinidad.

 

However, many critics believe that the term “Commonwealth Literature” still suggests a colonial link to Britain. It places the United Kingdom at the center, with the other countries on the outside, as former colonies. It can make it seem like these literatures are somehow less important than British literature, or that they all have the same identity, which is not true. The cultures, histories, and styles of these countries are very different from each other. Also, some countries, like the United States, are not part of the Commonwealth, but still produce important English literature. This shows the limitations of the term.

 

On the other hand, the term ‘New Literatures in English’ is broader and more neutral. It refers to literature written in English by writers from outside Britain and the United States, often from postcolonial societies. The word “new” does not refer to time, but rather to a new way of writing in English—a way that includes local cultures, languages, and experiences. It shows how English has been adapted and reshaped by people across the world. Writers like Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Salman Rushdie, and Patrick White bring their own voices, themes, and storytelling styles to the English language.

 

This term also removes the colonial shadow. It focuses on innovation, diversity, and global connections, rather than past relationships with Britain. It allows each writer and region to stand on their own, rather than being seen as part of a former empire. It also includes newer voices and countries that may not be part of the Commonwealth, but still have something important to say through English literature.

 

In conclusion, while ‘Commonwealth Literature’ is a term with historical value, it is limited and outdated in today’s global literary landscape. The term ‘New Literatures in English’ is more suitable because it is inclusive, modern, and respectful of cultural variety and independence. It better reflects the richness, creativity, and changing nature of English literature around the world.