IGNOU MCA 2nd Semester Most Repeated Questions
Curated List of Questions that are repeated frequently in the examinations.
- Last Updated on April 27, 2026
Table of Contents
Here You Will Get The 30 Most Repeated Questions for IGNOU MCA 2nd Semester.
In this post, we’ve compiled 30 high-frequency questions from MCS-218 to MCS-221 after analyzing previous year papers. This helps you concentrate only on the most important topics.
IGNOU often repeats key questions across term-end exams, making it a smart strategy for scoring better with less effort.
By practicing these questions, you can:
Score Good in Examinations
Identify scoring topics
Save time with focused study
MCS-218
1 . Differentiate between congestion control and flow control.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 d ) , Dec 2022 ( 4 c )
2 . Explain the key generation algorithm for RSA.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 f ) , June 2022 ( 1 f ) , June 2023 ( 1 d )
3 . Draw the IPv4 header structure and explain the significance of its fields (such as flags or fragment offset).
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 h ) , June 2022 ( 1 h )
4 . Explain the concept of circuit and packet switching.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 2 c ) , June 2023 ( 2 c ) , June 2024 ( 2 b )
5 . Compare star topology with other network topologies (such as tree, ring, or bus).
Found in Dec 2021 ( 2 d ) , Dec 2022 ( 2 d ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 a ) , Dec 2024 ( 1 c )
6 . What is a Hamming Code and how are redundant bits calculated/inserted?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 3 a ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 b )
7 . Calculate the throughput of the slotted ALOHA protocol.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 3 b ) , Dec 2022 ( 3 c ) , June 2023 ( 3 c )
8 . Discuss the IEEE 802.11 protocol/stack.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 3 c ) , Dec 2022 ( 3 d )
9 . Find the shortest route between points using Dijkstra’s algorithm.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 b ) , June 2022 ( 4 b ) , June 2024 ( 4 b )
10 . What is Multiplexing and what are its basic techniques?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 a ) , June 2022 ( 2 c ) , June 2023 ( 1 g ) , June 2024 ( 3 c )
11 . Explain the concept of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) with a diagram.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 c ) , Dec 2022 ( 1 g ) , June 2024 ( 5 c )
12 . Explain the hidden station and exposed station problem.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 e ) , Dec 2024 ( 2 b )
13 . Explain the shortest path routing algorithm with an example.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 f ) , Dec 2024 ( 5 a )
14 . Enlist the important features of UDP.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 g ) , Dec 2022 ( 5 b ) , June 2024 ( 5 b )
15 . Why is Amplitude Modulation (AM) the most susceptible to noise?
Found in Dec 2022 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 2 c )
16 . Explain stop and wait ARQ when the frame or acknowledgement (ACK) is lost.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 3 b ) , June 2022 ( 3 b ) , June 2023 ( 3 b )
17 . Explain the count to infinity problem.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 4 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 4 c ) , June 2024 ( 1 f )
18 . Differentiate between connection-oriented and connectionless services.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 5 a ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 e )
19 . Compare virtual circuit and datagram subnets/approaches.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 4 a ) , Dec 2024 ( 4 b ) , June 2022 ( 4 a ) , June 2023 ( 4 a )
20 . Differentiate between leaky bucket and token bucket traffic shaper mechanisms.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 1 g ) , June 2023 ( 4 c ) , June 2024 ( 1 g )
21 . Describe the three-way handshake mechanism with the help of a diagram.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 1 h ) , June 2023 ( 5 b )
22 . Define vulnerable period in the context of ALOHA.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 3 c ) , June 2024 ( 1 b )
23 . Discuss the Quality of Services (QoS) provided by the transport layer.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 5 a ) , Dec 2024 ( 3 b )
24 . What is Nagle’s Algorithm?
Found in Dec 2023 ( 5 c ) , June 2022 ( 5 b )
25 . What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
Found in Dec 2023 ( 5 d ) , June 2022 ( 5 d )
26 . Describe transmission and propagation delays.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 c ) , June 2023 ( 2 a ) , June 2024 ( 1 d )
27 . List and explain the functionality of layers in the OSI reference model.
Found in June 2023 ( 2 d ) , June 2024 ( 1 e )
28 . Discuss the operation of bridges in different LAN environments.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 2 c ) , June 2023 ( 3 d )
29 . Explain the features of M2M communication.
Found in June 2023 ( 4 c ) , June 2024 ( 1 g )
30 . Define cryptography.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 3 c ) , June 2024 ( 1 h )
MCS-219
1 . What is object oriented analysis and design? Explain its advantages.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 a ) , June 2022 ( 1 a ) , June 2024 ( 1 a )
2 . What is Association? What are the different types of association? Explain with the help of an example of each.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 1 d )
3 . What is Object Model? Explain the use of object model.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 c ) , June 2024 ( 5 d )
4 . What is activity diagram? Explain its purpose with the help of an example.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 d ) , June 2023 ( 2 b )
5 . What is DFD? Briefly explain the symbols used in DFD.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 2 a ) , Dec 2022 ( 3 a ) , June 2022 ( 2 b )
6 . Explain the concepts of abstraction and encapsulation with the help of an example for each.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 2 b ) , June 2024 ( 3 a )
7 . What is use case diagram? / Write the objectives of use-case diagram.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 3 a ) , Dec 2022 ( 2 a ) , Dec 2024 ( 3 a ) , June 2024 ( 4 b )
8 . Explain dynamic modeling with the help of an example and a suitable diagram.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 b ) , June 2022 ( 3 a ) , June 2024 ( 4 a )
9 . Object ID and its advantages.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 a ) , June 2023 ( 5 a )
10 . Collaboration diagram.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 b ) , Dec 2022 ( 5 d ) , June 2024 ( 2 a )
11 . Design optimization.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 c ) , Dec 2024 ( 4 b ) , June 2024 ( 2 b )
12 . Draw a class diagram for “Online Banking System”.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 a ) , June 2022 ( 2 a )
13 . Explain the symbols used in state chart diagram.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 1 c ) , June 2022 ( 5 a )
14 . What are the tasks of designer while performing design optimisation?
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 c ) , June 2024 ( 2 b )
15 . How can you map object classes to tables? Explain with the help of an example.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 d ) , Dec 2023 ( 5 d ) , Dec 2024 ( 4 d ) , June 2022 ( 3 b )
16 . Draw a use-case diagram for book issue and return system in a library.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 2 a ) , June 2022 ( 1 c )
17 . What is the purpose of drawing component diagram? / What are its advantages?
Found in Dec 2022 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 4 a )
18 . Draw and explain component diagram of ATM system.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 4 a )
19 . What are abstract classes? How can they be related to concrete classes?
Found in Dec 2022 ( 4 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 5 a )
20 . What should be the contents of a good design document? / Features of a good design documentation.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 4 d ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 e ) , June 2023 ( 5 b )
21 . What is UML? What are its advantages?
Found in Dec 2023 ( 1 b ) , June 2022 ( 1 c )
22 . What is inheritance? Explain advantages of inheritance.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 1 c ) , June 2022 ( 4 a )
23 . What is Generalization? How is it different from Specialization?
Found in Dec 2023 ( 2 b ) , June 2022 ( 1 b )
24 . What is serialization? Explain its use.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 3 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 4 c )
25 . What is Aggregation? Explain the use of aggregation.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 4 b ) , June 2022 ( 4 b ) , June 2024 ( 5 a )
26 . Sequence Diagram.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 5 c ) , June 2023 ( 1 a – iii )
27 . What is concurrency? / Explain need of concurrency control.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 4 a ) , June 2023 ( 4 a )
28 . Integrity constraints.
Found in June 2022 ( 5 d ) , June 2024 ( 5 b )
29 . Discuss how associations are implemented.
Found in June 2022 ( 5 c ) , June 2023 ( 2 a ) , June 2024 ( 1 e )
30 . Explain the need of inheritance adjustments in the design process.
Found in June 2023 ( 4 b ) , June 2024 ( 3 a )
MCS-220
1 . Briefly explain the servlet life cycle.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 b ), Dec 2023 ( 1 b ), June 2024 ( 2 b )
2 . Briefly explain the J2EE architecture and its components.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 d ), Dec 2023 ( 1 a ), Dec 2024 ( 1 a ), June 2022 ( 1 a ), June 2024 ( 2 a )
3 . What is a design pattern and what are the advantages of using patterns in enterprise application development?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 a ), Dec 2022 ( 1 b ), Dec 2023 ( 5 i ), Dec 2024 ( 2 a ), June 2022 ( 2 a )
4 . Explain Role Based Login and how it can be used to restrict user access.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 b ), Dec 2022 ( 5 a ), Dec 2023 ( 4 b ), Dec 2024 ( 5 iii )
5 . What is Session Management and how is it implemented?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 c ), Dec 2022 ( 3 a ), June 2023 ( 1 c )
6 . What are JSP implicit objects? Explain the use of any four.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 a ), Dec 2022 ( 2 a )
7 . Differentiate between a web server and a web container.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 a ), June 2023 ( 1 a ), June 2024 ( 1 a )
8 . Briefly explain the JSP Life Cycle.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 5 b ii ), June 2022 ( 5 c ), June 2023 ( 5 ii )
9 . Differentiate between Spring Boot and Spring MVC.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 1 f ), Dec 2024 ( 4 b iii ), June 2024 ( 1 g )
10 . Explain the term Dependency Injection (DI) and its role in the Spring framework.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 1 e ), Dec 2024 ( 3 a ), June 2023 ( 1 g )
11 . What is Spring Boot and what are its essential components or need?
Found in Dec 2024 ( 1 c ), June 2022 ( 1 d ), June 2023 ( 2 a ), June 2024 ( 4 a )
12 . Differentiate between the load() and get() methods of Hibernate session.
Found in June 2022 ( 4 b ), June 2024 ( 1 e )
13 . Differentiate between Spring and Hibernate.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 4 b iv ), June 2023 ( 1 f )
14 . Write a short note on Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA).
Found in Dec 2024 ( 5 i ), June 2022 ( 5 a ), June 2023 ( 3 b i )
15 . Explain how Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE) is used in web security.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 3 b ), June 2023 ( 3 b ii ), June 2024 ( 5 a )
16 . Explain the architecture of a servlet with a suitable diagram.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 2 c ), June 2022 ( 1 b ), June 2023 ( 5 i )
17 . What is Bootstrap and how can it be configured into JSP or HTML?
Found in Dec 2024 ( 4 a ), June 2023 ( 1 h )
18 . Briefly explain the Crud Repository of Spring Boot. Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 a ), Dec 2024 ( 1 g ), June 2023 ( 3 a )
19 . Explain the following security vulnerabilities: Cross Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), and SQL Injection (SQLi).
Found in Dec 2023 ( 4 a ), June 2024 ( 4 b )
20 . Explain the working flow and core components of Struts Found in Dec 2022 ( 1 d ), June 2022 ( 3 b ), June 2024 ( 3 a )
21 . Explain the term Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) with a suitable example.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 3 a ), June 2023 ( 5 iv ), June 2024 ( 1 f )
22 . Compare GenericServlet with HttpServlet.
Found in June 2023 ( 1 b ), June 2024 ( 2 b )
23 . Briefly discuss the various states of the Hibernate Entity Life Cycle.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 2 b ), Dec 2024 ( 5 v )
24 . What are Annotations in Java and what are their applications/types?
Found in Dec 2024 ( 1 f ), June 2022 ( 2 b ), June 2023 ( 5 iii ), June 2024 ( 3 b )
25 . What is Message Digest and how does it differ from a Message Authentication Code?
Found in Dec 2023 ( 3 b ), June 2024 ( 1 h )
26 .What is Role Based Access Control (RBAC)?
Found in Dec 2023 ( 4 c ), June 2024 ( 5 c )
27 . What is Hibernate Query Language (HQL) and how does it differ from SQL?
Found in June 2023 ( 2 b ), June 2024 ( 5 e )
28 . Explain the Spring MVC framework and its configuration process.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 b ), June 2022 ( 3 a )
29 . Explain the Factory Design Pattern with a UML diagram. Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 a ), June 2022 ( 5 d )
30 . Explain how cookies are used in session management. Found in June 2023 ( 1 c ), June 2024 ( 2 c )
MCS-221
1 . Define a Data Warehouse.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 a ) , June 2022 ( 3 a ),
2 . List and explain the four characteristics of a Data Warehouse.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 a ) , Dec 2022 ( 1 b ),
3 . Define “data cleaning” which is a data preprocessing technique.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 c ) , Dec 2022 ( 2 a ) , June 2023 ( 1 a ),,
5 . Explain the concept of Noisy data cleaning along with some suitable examples.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 c ) , Dec 2022 ( 2 a ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 c ) , Dec 2024 ( 1 c ),
6 . What is a Decision Tree and how is it useful in classification?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 d ) , Dec 2022 ( 1 c ),
7 . Explain the process of construction of a decision tree and its representation.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 1 d ) , Dec 2022 ( 1 c ) , June 2024 ( 3 b ),,
8 . What is Text Mining?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 2 a ) , June 2022 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 2 a ),,
9 . Mention applications of text mining.
Found in June 2022 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 2 a ),
10 . In the context of mining multimedia data on the web, explain terms like Page Rank and Hits.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 5 c ),
11 . Define a Data Lake.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 3 a ) , Dec 2022 ( 5 c ) , Dec 2023 ( 4 c ),,
12 . With the help of an example, explain the star schema dimensional model.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 3 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 b ),
13 . What is Metadata and its significance in Data Warehousing?
Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 a ) , Dec 2022 ( 1 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 3 a ) , June 2024 ( 5 b ),,,
14 . Explain the steps involved in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load).
Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 4 a ) , June 2022 ( 4 b ) , June 2023 ( 3 b ),,,
15 . Why do you need ETL in Data Warehousing?
Found in June 2022 ( 4 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 1 b ) , June 2024 ( 5 a ),,
16 . Discuss ways to improve ETL performance.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 4 b ) , June 2024 ( 2 a ),
17 . Write short notes on Data Marts.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 a ) , June 2022 ( 5 b ) , June 2023 ( 5 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 3 a ) , June 2024 ( 2 b ),,,,
18 . Write and explain the Apriori Algorithm.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 c ) , June 2023 ( 1 e ) , Dec 2023 ( 3 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 4 b ),,,
19 . Write a short note on Clustering and its methods.
Found in Dec 2021 ( 5 d ) , Dec 2024 ( 2 b ),
20 . Write and explain the K-means algorithm for clustering.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 d ),
21 . With the help of an example, explain the Snowflake schema.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 4 a ) , June 2022 ( 1 c ) , Dec 2023 ( 1 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 1 a ),,,
22 . List the advantages and disadvantages of the Snowflake schema.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 4 a ) , June 2022 ( 1 c ),
23 . Define Web Mining and discuss its various tasks.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 4 b ) , Dec 2023 ( 2 a ) , June 2023 ( 2 b ),,
24 . Write a short note on Data Transformation in the context of data preprocessing.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 5 a ) , June 2022 ( 3 b ) , June 2023 ( 1 a ),,
25 . Write a short note on Cloud Data Warehousing.
Found in Dec 2022 ( 5 b ) , June 2022 ( 5 d ),
26 . Explain the concept of an Operational Data Store (ODS).
Found in June 2023 ( 4 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 3 a ),
27 . What is Data Mining and mention its applications.
Found in June 2022 ( 4 a ) , June 2023 ( 5 c ) , Dec 2024 ( 4 a ),,
28 . Write short notes on Rule-based classification.
Found in Dec 2023 ( 2 b ) , Dec 2024 ( 5 e ) , June 2024 ( 5 c ),,
29 . Write and explain the K-NN classification algorithm.
Found in Dec 2024 ( 1 d ) , June 2024 ( 1 c ),
30 . Discuss OLAP data cube operations such as Roll-up and Drill-down.
Found in June 2022 ( 2 a ) , June 2023 ( 5 d ) , June 2024 ( 2 c ),,